Higgins v. Runyon’s Empirical Analysis
1996
Citation profile
2 federal appellate ·
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 717 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Anderson v. City of Bessemer City · Irwin v. Department of Veterans Affairs · Brown v. General Services Administration · Baldwin County Welcome Center v. Brown
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 4 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The first is premised in the doctrine of sovereign immunity. Section 2000e-16 waives the sovereign immunity of the federal government to claims for discrimination and establishes a rigorous administrative and judicial scheme for its enforcement. As part of this scheme, section 2000e-16(c) is a condition to the federal government’s waiver of sovereign immunity and must therefore be strictly construed. The second policy originates from the concomitant goals of the exhaustion doctrine, namely, to preserve the autonomy of the administrative process and to ensure that claimants actively pursue their legal rights.... Strict construction of the jurisdictional requirements of section 2000e-16 seeks to discourage a lax or dilatory attitude at the administrative level.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.