Greenberg v. Kmetko’s Empirical Analysis
922 F.2d 382 · 1991
Citation profile
34 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 49 later decisions — most recently June 2022 · most notably Dill v. City of Edmond (1998), Kernats v. O'Sullivan (1994)
34 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1985
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205 Will County Illinois · Perry v. Sindermann · Connick v. Myers
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 49 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[g]overnmental employees must obey the law in force at the time but need not predict its evolution, need not know that in the fight between broad and narrow readings of a precedent the broad reading will become ascendant.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“Pickering and its sequels stand for the proposition that speech on questions of public interest ought not to be deterred too much, or for too little reason, making it almost impossible to formulate bright lines. The employee’s interest in speech is the same qualitatively whether the response is discharge, transfer without loss of pay, or a supervisor’s curled lip. Yet there is a quantitative difference between discharge and a lateral arabesque, or between either of these and a snub.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“We know today ... that a series of little steps to get the goat of the speaker, including failure to invite her to a birthday party, can violate the First Amendment.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.