United States v. Morales’s Empirical Analysis
923 F.2d 621 · 1991
Citation profile
42 federal appellate · 10 district · 9 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 69 later decisions — most recently March 2017 · most notably United States v. Nation (2001), United States v. Thomas (1996)
42 federal appellate · 10 district · 9 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Illinois v. Gates · Chimel v. California · Beck v. State of Ohio · Draper v. United States · New York v. Belton
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 69 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“In making a determination of probable cause the relevant inquiry is not whether particular conduct is 'innocent' or 'guilty,' but the degree of suspicion that attaches to particular types of non-criminal acts.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]he corroboration of minor, innocent details can suffice to establish probable cause.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'accessibility, as a practical matter, is not the benchmark'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.