United States v. Parrish’s Empirical Analysis
925 F.2d 1293 · 1991
Citation profile
98 federal appellate · 15 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 139 later decisions — most recently October 2018 · most notably United States v. Wacker (1995), United States v. Hager (1992)
98 federal appellate · 15 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 924 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 1291
Relies on Illinois v. Gates · Carnegie v. United States · Scharffe v. Perkins · Texas v. Louisiana · Pennhurst State School & Hospital v. Halderman
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 139 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) is readily accessible, (2) is an integral part of the criminal undertaking, and (3) increases the likelihood that the criminal undertaking would succeed.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“need not conclusively exclude every other reasonable hypothesis and need not negate all possibilities except guilt.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[A] crime denounced in the statute disjunctively may be alleged in an indictment in the conjunctive, and thereafter proven in the disjunctive.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.