United States v. Willis’s Empirical Analysis
925 F.2d 359 · 1991
Citation profile
27 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 36 later decisions — most recently August 2022 · most notably United States v. Concepcion (1992), United States v. Corbin (1993)
27 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 3551 (Mandatory Victims Restitution Act of 1996) · 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act) · 26 U.S.C. § 5861 (§ 201 of the Gun Control Act of 1968)
Relies on United States v. Lanza · United States v. Perez · United States v. Madewell · United States v. Smith · United States v. Shinners
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 36 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Congress has not, through the cross reference clause, federalized a state crime. Instead, the cross reference merely allows the sentence for the charged crime ... to reflect the reality of the crime.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“that he be sentenced according to such other offense conduct even though his conviction is only for the unlawful possession of firearms.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[W]e think it obvious that the culpability--and the resultant punishment--of a person who passively possesses a gun is different than the person who possesses that same gun but also uses it in a drive-by shooting.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.