Bishop v. Aronov’s Empirical Analysis
926 F.2d 1066 · 1991
Citation profile
37 federal appellate · 5 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 73 later decisions — most recently July 2025 · most notably Cockrel v. Shelby County School District (2001), Vernon v. City of Los Angeles (1994)
37 federal appellate · 5 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205 Will County Illinois · Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District · Lemon v. Kurtzman · Perry Education Ass'n v. Perry Local Educators' Ass'n · Keyishian v. Board of Regents of Univ. of State of NY
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 73 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“First Amendment doctrines are manifold, and their diverse facts and analyses may reveal but one consistent truth with respect to the amendment--each case is decided on its own merits.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“refrain from expression of religious viewpoints in the classroom and like settings,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[C]annot supplant our discretion for that of the University. Federal judges should not be ersatz deans or educators. In this regard [a court is to] trust that the Universi ty will serve its own interests as well as those of its professors in pursuit of academic freedom. University officials are undoubtedly aware that quality faculty members will be hard to attract and retain if they are to be shackled in much of what they do.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.