United States v. Turner’s Empirical Analysis
926 F.2d 883 · 1991
Citation profile
69 federal appellate · 9 district · 18 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 146 later decisions — most recently June 2017 · most notably LaLonde v. County of Riverside (2000), State v. Broughton (1991)
69 federal appellate · 9 district · 18 state decisions — followed in 11 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 3109 · 18 U.S.C. § 924
Relies on Chimel v. California · Colorado v. Connelly · United States v. Owens · Hagemann v. American Savings & Loan Ass'n · United States v. Moran
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 146 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A police officer's 'reasonable belief that announcement might place him or his associates in physical peril ... constitutes exigent circumstances ...'”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Such a search ... must be conducted at about the same time as the arrest.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]t does not make sense to prescribe a constitutional test that is entirely at odds with safe and sensible police procedures. Thus handcuffing ... should not be determinative, unless we intend to use the Fourth Amendment to impose on police a requirement that the search be absolutely contemporaneous with the arrest, no matter what the peril to [the police] or to bystanders.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.