Clifton Terrace Associates Limited v. United Technologies Corporation’s Empirical Analysis
929 F.2d 714 · 1991
Citation profile
18 federal appellate · 20 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 59 later decisions — most recently April 2021 · most notably National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. American Family Mutual Insurance Company, Fair Employment Council of Greater Washington, Inc. v. BMC Marketing Corp. (1994)
18 federal appellate · 20 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 3604 (§ 804 of the Fair Housing Act (Title VIII, Civil Rights Act of 1968))
Relies on Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine · United Mine Workers of America v. Gibbs · Furnco Construction Corp. v. Waters · Patterson v. McLean Credit Union · Gladstone, Realtors v. Village of Bellwood
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 59 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(a) To refuse to sell or rent after the making of a bona fide offer, or to refuse to negotiate for the sale or rental of, or otherwise make unavailable or deny a dwelling to any person because of [inter alia ] race .... (b) To discriminate against any person in the terms, conditions, or privileges of sale or rental of a dwelling, or in the provision of services or facilities in connection therewith, because of [inter alia ] race ....”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Although the denial of certain essential services relating to a dwelling, such as mortgage financing, sewer hookups, zoning approval, or basic utilities, might result in the denial of housing, this interpretation ... does not extend [§ 3604(f)(1) ] to questions of habitability.” (emphasis added)); see also Bloch v. Frischholz, 587 F.3d 771 , 776-77 (7th Cir.2009) (en banc) (suggesting a defendant could make housing unavailable in violation of the FHA through a”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[b]y their plain terms [§ 3604(a),(f)(1)] reach only discrimination that adversely affects the availability of housing”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.