Wallach v. Brezenoff’s Empirical Analysis
930 F.2d 1070 · 1991
Citation profile
6 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 13 later decisions — most recently December 2019
6 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 33 U.S.C. § 508
Relies on Hughes v. Oklahoma · Evansville-Vanderburgh Airport Authority District v. Delta Airlines, Inc. · Owen v. Owen · Crandall v. State of Nevada · Automobile Club of New York, Inc. v. Port Authority
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 13 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) whether the challenged toll increase had only incidental effects on interstate commerce, or discriminated against interstate commerce on its face or in practical effect, (2) whether the toll increase serves a legitimate local purpose, and (3) whether alternative means were available to promote this purpose without discriminating against interstate commerce”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he Court in Evansville devised a three-prong test for determining when a user fee impermissibly burdens a citizen's constitutionally protected right to travel”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“no toll increase was necessary to finance the maintenance or costs of the Port Authority's bridges and tunnels.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.