Ford v. Dowd’s Empirical Analysis
931 F.2d 1286 · 1991
Citation profile
21 federal appellate · 3 district · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 39 later decisions — most recently March 2019 · most notably Bartlett v. Fisher (1992), Rawlings v. Police Dept. of Jersey City (1993)
21 federal appellate · 3 district · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Anderson v. Creighton · Schneckloth v. Bustamonte · Mapp v. Ohio · Camara v. Municipal Court of City and County of San Francisco
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 39 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“open to the district court's consideration as the facts are further developed [on] remand.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“is not difficult to meet, and in any event is a lesser standard than probable cause.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“reasonable, articulable grounds to suspect an employee of illegal drug involvement.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.