State v. Walden’s Empirical Analysis
1997
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 68 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 71 later decisions — most recently May 2023 · most notably State v. Studd (1999), State v. Walker (1998)
2 federal appellate · 68 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on 88 Wash. 2d 221 - State v. Wanrow · 101 Wash. 2d 591 - State v. Allery · 91 Wash. 2d 466 - State v. Foster · 121 Wash. 2d 220 - State v. Janes · 101 Wash. 2d 612 - State v. Acosta
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 71 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“One has the right to use force only to the extent of what appears to be the apparent imminent danger at the time. However, when there is no reasonable ground for the person attacked or apparently under attack to believe that his person is in imminent danger of death or great bodily harm, and it appears to him that only an ordinary battery is all that is intended, he has no right to repel a threatened assault by the use of a deadly weapon in a deadly manner. Great bodily injury as used in this instruction means injury of a graver and more serious nature than an ordinary battery with a fist or pounding with the hand; it is an injury of such nature as to produce severe pain, suffering and injury.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. State v. George · State v. Walker“It is a defense to a charge of Murder in the Second Degree, Manslaughter in the First Degree, or Manslaughter in the Second Degree that the homicide was justifiable as defined in this instruction. Homicide is justifiable when committed in the lawful defense of the defendant when: (1) the defendant reasonably believed that the victim intended to inflict death or great personal injury; and (2) the defendant reasonably believed that there was imminent danger of such harm being accomplished; and (3) the defendant employed such force and means as a reasonably prudent person would use under the same or similar conditions as they reasonably appeared to the defendant, taking into consideration all the facts and circumstances as they appeared to him, at the time of the incident. The State has the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that the homicide was not justifiable. If you find that the State has not proved the absence of this defense beyond a reasonable doubt, it will be your duty to return a verdict of not guilty.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Woods · State v. Irons“[b]y defining [great bodily injury] to exclude ordinary batteries, a reasonable juror could read [the instruction] to prohibit consideration of the defendant's subjective impressions of all the facts and circumstances, i.e., whether the defendant reasonably believed the battery at issue would result in great personal injury.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.