United States v. Steele’s Empirical Analysis
933 F.2d 1313 · 1991
Citation profile
35 federal appellate · 2 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 57 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably United States v. Prater (1991), United States v. Rogers (1997)
35 federal appellate · 2 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (Comprehensive Thrift and Bank Fraud Prosecution and Taxpayer Recovery Act of 1990) · 18 U.S.C. § 371 · 26 U.S.C. § 7206
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · United States v. Ron Pair Enterprises, Inc. · Rhode Island v. Innis · Blum v. Stenson · Griffin v. Oceanic Contractors, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 57 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“natural tendency to influence, or be capable of affecting or influencing,”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Whoever, in any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States knowingly and willfully falsifies, conceals or covers up by any trick, scheme, or device a material fact, or makes any false, fictitious or fraudulent statements or representations, or makes or uses any false writing or document knowing the same to contain any false, fictitious or fraudulent statement or entry, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) the defendant made a statement; (2) the statement is false or fraudulent; (3) the statement is material; (4) the defendant made the statement knowingly and willfully; and (5) the statement pertained to an activity within the jurisdiction of a federal agency.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.