Elliott v. Thomas’s Empirical Analysis
937 F.2d 338 · 1991
Citation profile
92 federal appellate · 1 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 142 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2024 · most notably Johnson v. Jones (1995), Branch v. Tunnell (1994)
92 federal appellate · 1 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2072 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corporation · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Graham v. Connor
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 142 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[b]y sleight of hand you can turn any defense on the merits into a defense of qualified immunity.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Carter v. Cole · Rice v. Burks“'specific, nonconclusory factual allegations'”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“there is no principled difference between direct and circumstantial evidence”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.