Osei-Afriyie v. Medical College of Pennsylvania’s Empirical Analysis
937 F.2d 876 · 1991
Citation profile
35 federal appellate · 10 district · 15 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 163 later decisions — most recently February 2025 · most notably Lazaridis v. Wehmer (2010), Johns v. County of San Diego (1997)
35 federal appellate · 10 district · 15 state decisions — followed in 12 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 355 (Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 1291 · 28 U.S.C. § 1331 · 28 U.S.C. § 1332 (Class Action Fairness Act of 2005) · 28 U.S.C. § 1654 · 28 U.S.C. § 1915 · 28 U.S.C. § 455 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · United States v. Young · United States v. Frady · United States v. Atkinson · Atlantic Richfield Co. v. Newman Oil Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 163 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“It goes without saying that it is not in the interest of minors or incompetents that they be represented by non-attorneys. Where they have claims that require adjudication, they are entitled to trained legal assistance so their rights may be fully protected.”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[w]e need not address the purported appeal by [plaintiff's children] because ... a minor child cannot bring suit through a parent acting as next friend if the parent is not represented by an attorney.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to [their] case.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. In Re Tmi, Dorothy L. Aldrich Faith Alleman Philip Angeli Michael J. Anoka Ruth v. Anoka Catherine J. Balinosky Regis E. Beasley Louis Borda Betty Marie Boylestein George L. Boylestein Shirlean Burhanan Ruth E. Butler Frank J. Caka Susan H. Chynoweth Daniel M. Chynoweth Catherine Costello John T. Costello Martha A. Costik Richard N. Costik Mary Margaret Earhart Edward Ferguson Marco G. Glad, Jr. Linda I. Glad Barbara Grandon Helen M. Hank Edward John Hertzog Marie H. Hertzog Dianne Hindermyer George Vance Hitz Marjorie B. Hitz Carol C. Hoch Louis A. Hoch Estate of Robert P. Holmes Thelma M. Nagy Barry Obercash Georgeann Pristello James J. Pristello Jamie Lynn Pristello Kenneth R. Snyder Patricia Southard Joseph Stewart Charlotte Evelyn Stewart · Tmi
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.