Armstrong v. Lamy’s Empirical Analysis
1996
Citation profile
24 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 29 later decisions — most recently July 2017 · most notably Brum v. Town of Dartmouth (1998), Doe v. Creighton (2003)
24 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1332 (Class Action Fairness Act of 2005) · 28 U.S.C. § 1367 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Adickes v. S. H. Kress & Co. · City of Canton v. Harris
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 29 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) that the governmental entity’s employees engaged in a continuing, widespread, persistent pattern of conduct in violation of the constitutional standard, (2) that the governmental entity’s policy-making officials, after having notice of the misconduct, remained deliberately indifferent to or tacitly authorized continuation of that misconduct, and (3) that the plaintiff was injured by continued misconduct within the persistent pattern, thus showing that the custom was a moving force behind the violation of the constitutional standard.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““any claim based on an act or failure to act to prevent or diminish the harmful consequences of a condition or situation, including the violent or tortious conduct of a third person, which is not originally caused by the public employer or any other person acting on behalf of the public employer.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““Suppose, for example, that school officials negligently supervise a playground during school hours, and as a result a child is injured by another. The direct source of the harm is the other child, yet it cannot be said that his injury is ‘attributable to the employee only in the sense that the employee has failed to prevent or mitigate it.’ Here, the negligence of public employees contributed to the circumstances which led to the injury: The child is required to attend the school, and school officials have placed the child in a situation which involves a risk of injury without taking adequate steps to protect him. Subsection (/') should not bar recovery, since public employee conduct contributed materially to producing the injury.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.