Filed 02/12/2020 by Clerk of Supreme Court
IN THE SUPREME COURT
STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA
2020 ND 32
Hustle Proof Corporation and Chinedu Illogu
a/k/a BIG REENO, Plaintiffs and Appellees
v.
Ryan Matthews d/b/a The R Music Group &
WTF Touring, Defendant
and
Zachary Beck a/k/a FUTURISTIC, Defendant and Appellant
No. 20190239
Appeal from the District Court of Cass County, East Central Judicial District,
the Honorable Steven E. McCullough, Judge.
AFFIRMED.
Opinion of the Court by Jensen, Chief Justice.
Matthew D. Kirschenmann (argued) and Ronald J. Knoll (on brief), Fargo, ND,
for plaintiffs and appellees.
Asa K. Burck (argued) and Kip M. Kaler (on brief), Fargo, ND, defendant and
appellant.
Hustle Proof v. Matthews
No. 20190239
Jensen, Chief Justice.
[¶1] Zachary Beck appeals from the denial of his request for relief from a
judgment awarding damages to Hustle Proof Corporation and Chinedu Ilogu
(Hustle Proof). Beck argues the district court abused its discretion in denying
his request for relief from the judgment pursuant to N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(6)
because he was not properly served with notice of the default judgment
proceedings and the facts and circumstances of this case compel relief from the
judgment. We affirm.
I
[¶2] Hustle Proof sued Beck and his manager, Ryan Matthews, alleging a
breach of the parties’ contract for a joint concert tour. Beck and Matthews
were personally served with the summons and complaint. According to Beck,
he was told by Matthews that Matthews would handle the lawsuit.
[¶3] Matthews apparently initiated email contact with Hustle Proof’s
attorney regarding the lawsuit, but neither Beck nor Matthews answered the
complaint. Hustle Proof moved for the entry of a default judgment. Notice of
the default proceedings was sent by registered mail to Beck and Matthews at
the address of Matthews’ limited liability company in Florida.
[¶4] Neither Matthews nor Beck appeared at the hearing on the motion for
default judgment. Hustle Proof sought the entry of a judgment in the amount
of $252,740 consisting primarily of the profit Hustle Proof claimed it would
have made had Matthews and Beck not breached the parties’ contract. The
district court refused to enter a default judgment for a sum greater than the
$3,000 guaranteed payment included in the parties’ contract and offered
Hustle Proof the option of the entry of a default judgment in the amount of
$3,000 or proceeding to trial. Hustle Proof elected to proceed to trial.
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[¶5] A jury trial was held on January 30, 2018. Neither Matthews nor Beck
appeared at the jury trial. Hustle Proof presented its evidence to the jury and
the jury returned a verdict in favor of Hustle Proof in the amount of $192,500
plus interest. A judgment, including costs and interest, was entered in the
amount of $227,790 on February 22, 2018.
[¶6] Beck asserts he first became aware of the judgment on March 22, 2019,
when the judgment was filed as a foreign judgment in the place where he was
residing, Maricopa County, Arizona. On April 18, 2019, Beck filed a motion for
relief from the judgment pursuant to N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(6).
[¶7] On May 7, 2019, the district court denied Beck’s motion for relief from
the judgment. Beck filed a motion for reconsideration. The court vacated its
May order, placed the motion for relief from the judgment on the court’s
calendar, and set a hearing on July 2. Following the hearing, the court
reinstated its May order denying Beck’s requested relief from the judgment.
[¶8] Beck appealed, asserting the district court erred by denying the relief
from the judgment pursuant to Rule 60(b)(6) because Hustle Proof failed to
comply with N.D.R.Civ.P. 5 when providing service of the notice of the motion
for default judgment. Beck also asserts the district court abused its discretion
in denying his request for relief from the judgment pursuant to N.D.R.Civ.P.
60(b)(6) because the facts and circumstances of this case compel relief.
[¶9] Beck characterizes the judgment as a default judgment entered pursuant
to N.D.R.Civ.P. 55. He contends the district court initially denied the entry of
a default judgment, but ordered the entry of a default judgment following the
submission of fact issues to the jury pursuant to N.D.R.Civ.P. 55(a)(2). His
contention that the district court entered a default judgment pursuant to Rule
55 rather than a judgment entered following jury trial is contrary to the record.
At the start of the hearing on July 2, the district court addressed this specific
issue and noted “there never was a default judgment entered . . . it was a
judgment entered after jury trial.”
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II
[¶10] Rule 60(b) of the North Dakota Rules of Civil Procedure governs relief
from a final judgment. Rule 60(b)(6) provides as follows:
On motion and just terms, the court may relieve a party or its legal
representative from a final judgment, order, or proceeding for the
following reasons:
....
(6) any other reason that justifies relief.
Rule 60(b)(6) is a “catch-all” provision applicable only when extraordinary
circumstances justifying relief from the operation of the judgment are present.
Matter of Estate of Bartelson, 2019 ND 107, ¶ 13,
925 N.W.2d 416; Hildebrand
v. Stolz,
2016 ND 225, ¶ 16,
888 N.W.2d 197. Extraordinary circumstances
include “where the judgment resulted from the excusable default of the party
against whom it was directed under circumstances going beyond the earlier
[subsections] of the rule.” State v. Red Arrow Towbar Sales Co.,
298 N.W.2d
514, 517 (N.D. 1980) (citing Hefty v. Aldrich,
220 N.W.2d 840, 846 (N.D. 1974)).
Rule 60(b)(6) must not be applied “to relieve a party from free, calculated, and
deliberate choices” that have been made by the party.
Id. A district court is
less compelled to provide relief under Rule 60 from a trial on the merits as
opposed to a default judgment.
Id.
[¶11] A district court’s decision on a motion to vacate a judgment under
N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(b) will not be reversed on appeal unless the court abused its
discretion. Watford City Lodging LLC v. Miskin,
2019 ND 136, ¶ 7,
927 N.W.2d
860. “A court abuses its discretion when it acts in an arbitrary, unreasonable,
or unconscionable manner, when it misinterprets or misapplies the law, or
when its decision is not the product of a rational mental process leading to a
reasoned determination.”
Id.
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III
[¶12] Beck argues the judgment should be vacated and the district court
abused its discretion because he was not properly served with the motion for
default judgment. He contends Hustle Proof mailed the notice of the motion
for default judgment, and all of the subsequent notices, to an address that had
not been used for several years. Beck also asserts the address at which he was
residing at the time the notices were mailed was readily available to Hustle
Proof with minimal effort. Beck’s argument assumes notice of the motion for
default judgment and subsequent notices were required to be mailed to him.
[¶13] Neither N.D.R.Civ.P. 5(a)(2), pertaining to the service of documents
other than the summons and complaint, nor N.D.R.Civ.P. 55(a)(3), pertaining
to default judgments, require the service of notice when a party has failed to
make an appearance. Rule 5(a)(2) reads as follows:
(2) If a Party Fails to Appear. No service is required on a party
who is in default for failing to appear. But a pleading that asserts
a new claim for relief against such a party must be served on that
party under Rule 4.
Rule 55(a)(3) reads as follows:
(3) A default judgment may be entered against a minor or
incompetent person only if represented by a general guardian or
other representative who has appeared. If the party against whom
a default judgment is sought has appeared personally or by a
representative, that party or its representative must be served
with a motion for judgment. Notice must be served with the
motion and must comply with N.D.R.Ct. 3.2(a).
Hustle Proof’s obligation to provide notice of the proceedings subsequent to
service of the summons and complaint was only required if Beck appeared in
the action.
[¶14] Beck concedes he did not personally contact Hustle Proof or Hustle
Proof’s counsel following the service of the summons and complaint. According
to Beck, Matthews promised to handle the dispute with Hustle Proof. Beck
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argues the subsequent contact Matthews made with Hustle Proof is legally
sufficient to find Beck made an appearance in the action. Beck asks this Court
to conclude he had made an appearance in this action when Matthews, a co-defendant, who is not an attorney but was acting as an agent, made contact
with the opposing party.
[¶15] We have previously recognized “[t]he moving party bears the burden of
establishing sufficient grounds for disturbing the finality of the judgment, and
relief should be granted only in exceptional circumstances.” Shull v. Walcker,
2009 ND 142, ¶ 14,
770 N.W.2d 274. “An appearance, like any other reason of
mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect for relief from a
judgment, must be factually demonstrated.” Hatch v. Hatch,
484 N.W.2d 283,
286 (N.D. 1992). “Even though we broadly interpret whether a person has
appeared, relief is denied when a party is unable to factually demonstrate an
appearance.” US Bank Nat’l Ass’n v. Arnold,
2001 ND 130, ¶ 14,
631 N.W.2d
150.
[¶16] It is unnecessary for this Court to determine if contact by a co-defendant,
who is not an attorney but is acting as an agent, is sufficient to satisfy the
requirement of an appearance for another party. Beck failed to provide any
admissible evidence Matthews actually initiated contact with Hustle Proof on
Beck’s behalf. While Matthews may have promised Beck he would initiate
contact with Hustle Proof on Beck’s behalf, the evidence in the record is limited
to a statement by Hustle Proof’s attorney that emails had been received from
Matthews. The content of the emails is not in the record. There is no evidence
in the record to confirm what, if any, representations Matthews may have
made to Hustle Proof’s attorney regarding Beck. Even if Beck’s assertion that
Matthews promised to handle the matter is correct, there is no evidence
Matthews followed through with the promise in any subsequent contacts
Matthews made with Hustle Proof.
[¶17] Beck has the burden to factually demonstrate he made an appearance.
The record does not support a determination Beck made an appearance, either
personal or through Matthews. Absent an appearance, Beck was not required
to be provided with notice subsequent to the service of the summons and
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complaint. Under these circumstances we conclude the district court did not
act in an arbitrary, unreasonable, or unconscionable manner, did not
misinterpret or misapply the law, and its decision was the product of a rational
mental process leading to a reasoned determination when it denied Beck’s
request for relief based on the absence of proper service.
IV
[¶18] Beck also argues the district court abused its discretion by denying his
request for relief pursuant to Rule 60(b)(6) when considering all of the facts
and circumstances of this particular case. Beck cites to his lack of notice of the
proceedings subsequent to the service of the summons and complaint,
regardless of whether notice was required or not required, as a fact supporting
his request for relief from the judgment. He also contends his reliance on
Matthews’ promise to take care of the dispute with Hustle Proof, his immediate
request for relief after becoming aware of the judgment, and his meritorious
defenses to the action, all support his request for relief from the judgment.
[¶19] To prevail in his request for relief under Rule 60(b)(6), Beck must
demonstrate extraordinary circumstances justifying relief from the operation
of the judgment. Hildebrand, 2016 ND 225, ¶ 16,
888 N.W.2d 197. Although
Beck did not appear at the trial, the judgment in this case was entered after a
trial on the merits, and a district court is less compelled to provide relief under
Rule 60 from a trial on the merits as opposed to a default judgment. Red Arrow
Towbar Sales Co.,
298 N.W.2d at 517. Under the facts of this case, in denying
Beck’s request for relief from the judgment, the district court did not act in an
arbitrary, unreasonable, or unconscionable manner, did not misinterpret or
misapply the law, and its decision was the product of a rational mental process
leading to a reasoned determination. We conclude the district court did not
abuse its discretion in denying Beck’s request for relief under Rule 60(b)(6).
V
[¶20] Beck failed to factually demonstrate he made an appearance in the
action following the service of the summons and complaint, and he was not
required to receive notice of the subsequent proceedings. Absent exceptional
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circumstances, the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Beck
relief from the judgment under Rule 60(b)(6). We affirm the denial of Beck’s
request for relief from the judgment.
[¶21] Jon J. Jensen, C.J.
Gerald W. VandeWalle
Daniel J. Crothers
Lisa Fair McEvers
Jerod E. Tufte
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