United States v. Range’s Empirical Analysis
94 F.3d 614 · 1996
Citation profile
39 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 62 later decisions — most recently January 2020 · most notably Tannenbaum v. United States (1998), United States v. Baker (2005)
39 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 924 · 21 U.S.C. § 848 (§ 408 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 1291
Relies on Bruton v. United States · Bailey v. United States · Carnegie v. United States · Soberon v. United States · Needler v. Valley National Bank of Arizona
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 62 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“... [PJossesston of a firearm constitutes use in relation to a drug trafficking offense if the firearm played a purpose or function in carrying out the [offense].” 94 F.3d at 617 (emphasis added). 5 . To be sure, Justice Scalia reasoned in his concurrence in California v. Roy, 519 U.S. 2 , 117 S.Ct. 337 , 136 L.Ed.2d 266 (1996) (per curiam), that;”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[a] court must . . . be able to 'determine with absolute certainty that the jury based its [general] verdict on the ground on which it was properly instructed.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“"[I]t [is] a separate crime or offense for anyone to use or carry a firearm during and in relation to the commission of a drug trafficking offense. "A defendant can be found guilty of that offense only if all of the following facts are proved beyond a reasonable doubt: First, that the defendant committed the felony offense charged ...; second, that such offense was a drug trafficking offense; and third, that the defendant knowingly used or carried the fire arm ... while committing such drug trafficking offense.” "... [PJossesston of a firearm constitutes use in relation to a drug trafficking offense if the firearm played a purpose or function in carrying out the [offense].””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.