Banks v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1978
Citation profile
38 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 40 later decisions — most recently November 2025 · most notably Koza v. State (1984), State v. Taylor (1979)
38 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Wade · Simmons v. United States · Stovall v. Denno · Coolidge v. New Hampshire · Manson v. Brathwaite
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 40 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“an appellant must present relevant authority and cogent argument; continued on next page... 12 In deciding whether a pretrial identification is constitutionally sound, the test is whether, considering the totality of the circumstances, the identification procedure "was so unnecessarily suggestive and conducive to irreparable mistaken identification that [appellant] was denied due process of law.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“police had ample grounds ... for the belief that urgent action was necessary to investigate and possibly prevent a substantial threat to their own safety as well as that of others in the vicinity.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“the second inquiry is whether, under all the circumstances, the identification is reliable despite an unnecessarily suggestive identification procedure.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.