United States v. Fox’s Empirical Analysis
94 U.S. 315 · 1876
Citation profile
43 federal appellate · 11 district · 133 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 302 later decisions (58 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2024 · most notably Will v. Michigan Department of State Police (1989), United States v. United Mine Workers of America (1947)
43 federal appellate · 11 district · 133 state decisions — followed in 35 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Kohl v. United States · The United States v. Jonah Crosby · Ableman v. Booth · Malinda Fox v. The State of Ohio
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 302 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““It is an established principle of the law, everywhere recognized, arising from the necessity of the case, that the disposition of immovable property, whether by deed, descent, or any other mode, is exclusively subject to the government within whose jurisdiction the property is situated.””
11 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The term ‘person’ as here used applies to natural persons, and also to artificial persons, — bodies politic, deriving their existence and powers from legislation,— but cannot be so extended as to include within its meaning the Federal government. It would require an express definition to that effect to give it a sense thus extended.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““ The power of the State to regulate the tenure of real property within her limits, and the modes of its acquisition and transfer, and the rules of its descent, and the extent to which a testamentary disposition of it may be exercised by its owners, is undoubted. It is an established principle of law, everywhere recognized, arising from the necessity of the case, that the disposition of immovable property, whether by deed, descent or any other mode, is exclusively subject to the government within whose jurisdiction the property*is situated. McCormick v. Sullivant, 10 Wheat. 202 . . . . Statutes of wills, as is justly observed by the Court of Appeals, aré enabling acts, and prior to the statute of 32 Henry VIII there was no general power'at common law to devise lands. The power was opposed to the feudal policy of holding lands inalienable without the consent of the lord. The English Statute of Wills became a part of the law of New York upon the adoption of her constitution in 1777; and, with some modification in its language, remains so at this day. Every person must, therefore, devise his lands in that State within the limitations of the statute or he cannot devise them at all. His power is bounded by its conditions.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.