94 Wash. 2d 614 - State v. Caldwell’s Empirical Analysis
1980
Citation profile
54 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 54 later decisions — most recently August 2024 · most notably 98 Wash. 2d 484 - State v. McCullum (1983), 33 Cal. 3d 491 - People v. Roder (1983)
54 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · Sandstrom v. Montana · 90 Wash. 2d 443 - State v. Workman · 88 Wash. 2d 221 - State v. Wanrow · 93 Wash. 2d 186 - State v. Stephens
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 54 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“It is not necessary to establish intent by direct and positive evidence but intent may be established by inference and in the same way as any other fact by taking into consideration the acts of the parties and all the facts and circumstances of the case.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“`in no way affected the final outcome of the case.'”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“An error infringing upon a defendant's constitutional rights is presumed to be prejudicial, and the State has the burden of proving the error was harmless.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.