Chez Sez III Corp. v. Township of Union’s Empirical Analysis
945 F.2d 628 · 1991
Citation profile
17 federal appellate · 18 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 64 later decisions — most recently August 2021 · most notably Artway v. Attorney General of New Jersey (1996), Jackson v. City of Bremerton (2001)
17 federal appellate · 18 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Colorado River Water Conservation District v. United States · Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co. · Babbitt v. United Farm Workers National Union · New Orleans Public Service, Inc. v. Council of City of New Orleans · City of Houston v. Hill
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 64 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) Uncertain issues of state law underlying the federal constitutional claims brought in federal court; (2) State law issues amenable to a state court interpretation that would obviate the need for, or substantially narrow, the scope of adjudication of the constitutional claims; (3) A federal court’s erroneous construction of state law would be disruptive of important state policies.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“when a federal court is presented with both a federal constitutional issue and an unsettled issue of state law whose resolution might narrow or eliminate the federal constitutional question, ... [thus] avoid[ing] 'needless friction with state policies.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“When a facial challenge is involved, abstention is generally not appropriate because `extensive adjudications, under a variety of factual situations, [would be required to bring the statute] within the bounds of permissible constitutional certainty[.]'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.