Izard v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
946 F.2d 1492 · 1991
Citation profile
1 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 8 later decisions — most recently August 2023
1 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1346 (Federal Tort Claims Act)
Relies on Chevron Oil Co. v. Huson · Baltimore City Department of Social Services v. Bouknight · Williams v. Kemp · Osgood v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance · 488 So. 2d 934 - Berry v. Holston Well Service, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 8 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[I]n order to determine whether a principal is a statutory employer of a contractor’s employees, a court must first inquire whether the contract work is specialized or nonspecialized. This inquiry takes into consideration whether the level of skill, training, and experience required to perform the work at issue is not ordinarily possessed by workers outside the contract field. If the contract work is specialized per se, it is not, as a matter of law, part of the principal’s trade, business, or occupation. If the contract work is not specialized per se, the court must then compare the contract work with the principal’s trade, business, or occupation to determine whether the contract work could be considered a part thereof. Finally, the court must inquire whether the principal was actually engaged at the time of the injury in the trade, business, or occupation of the hired contractor.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“For a distortion-free determination of hirer’s status as statutory § 11 employer under the “necessary-and-integral” test, we fashion here a helpful two-part task-related standard. Tasks performed by an independent contractor are [sic] “necessary and integral” part of the hirer’s operations within the meaning of the test when they [1] are directly associated with the day-to-day activity carried on by the hirer’s line of trade, industry or business or [2] would customarily be done in that line of business.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.