Crumpton IV v. Gates’s Empirical Analysis
947 F.2d 1418 · 1991
Citation profile
24 federal appellate · 7 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 67 later decisions — most recently February 2019 · most notably Trevino v. Gates (1996), Rhyne v. Henderson County (1992)
24 federal appellate · 7 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Parratt v. Taylor · Monroe v. Pape · Roe v. Wade · Daniels v. Williams
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 67 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) a violation of rights protected by the [United States] Constitution or created by federal statute, (2) proximately caused (3) by conduct of a “person” (4) acting under color of state law.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Hogan v. Moran · Orozco v. Day“generated considerable confusion and disagreement.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.