Cain v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1997
Citation profile
281 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 285 later decisions — most recently March 2019 · most notably In Re Prudential Insurance Co. of America (2004), Paulson v. State (2000)
281 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Arizona v. Fulminante · Boykin v. State · Marin v. State · Whitten v. State · Matchett v. State
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 285 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Except for certain federal constitutional errors labeled by the United States Supreme Court as “structural,” no error, whether it relates to jurisdiction, volun-tariness of a plea, or any other mandatory requirement, is categorically immune to a harmless error analysis.”
18 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Roberts v. State · Jacobs v. State“(a) Constitutional Error. If the appellate record in a criminal case reveals constitutional error that is subject to harmless error review, the court of appeals must reverse a judgment of conviction or punishment unless the court determines beyond a reasonable doubt that the error did not contribute to the conviction or punishment.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Wappler v. State · Wolf v. State“[A]ppellate courts should not automatically foreclose the application of the harmless error test to certain categories of error.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.