Burton v. Johnson’s Empirical Analysis
948 F.2d 1150 · 1991
Citation profile
48 federal appellate · 2 district · 13 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 80 later decisions — most recently January 2025 · most notably United States v. Frost (1997), Dyer v. Calderon (1998)
48 federal appellate · 2 district · 13 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Irvin v. Dowd · Smith v. Phillips · Sumner v. Mata · Murphy v. Florida · Patton v. Yount
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 80 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'the juror is an actual employee of the prosecuting agency, that the juror is a close relative of one of the participants in the trial or the criminal transaction, or that the juror was a witness or somehow involved in the criminal transaction.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[a]ctual bias may be found either by an express admission, or by proof of specific facts which show such a close connection to the facts at trial that bias is presumed.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“dishonesty, of itself, is evidence of bias”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.