United States v. Muhammad’s Empirical Analysis
948 F.2d 1449 · 1991
Citation profile
76 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 116 later decisions — most recently August 2016 · most notably United States v. Jenkins (1993), United States of America v. Eric Mulder Dennis McCall Daniel Hunter Trevor Johnson Robert Carnes (2001)
76 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1114 · 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 18 U.S.C. § 2113 · 18 U.S.C. § 371 · 18 U.S.C. § 5035 · 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 924
Relies on Tristani v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc. · In re Disbarment of Johnson · Penson v. Ohio · Gozlon-Peretz v. United States · Newland v. Georgia
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 116 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“cannot be completed without some form of flight or attempted flight, [and] the crime is more naturally understood to include the act of fleeing and the immediate consequences of such flight”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[A]bsent a showing of some impropriety or willfulness by the government, it was within the district court's discretion to admit [the defendant's previously undisclosed] statement....”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[e]xcluding a critical piece of documentary evidence when a recess or continuance would have adequately protected the [government's] legitimate interests is particularly inappropriate where ... the [defendant] neither willfully nor negligently violated the discovery order.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.