United States v. Lennartz’s Empirical Analysis
948 F.2d 363 · 1991
Citation profile
33 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (Comprehensive Thrift and Bank Fraud Prosecution and Taxpayer Recovery Act of 1990) · 18 U.S.C. § 1341 (White-Collar Crime Penalty Enhancement Act of 2002)
Relies on American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance v. United States · Crisp v. Rubin · Brown v. United States · Laughlin v. Internal Revenue Service · United States v. Briscoe
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 37 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) the evidence is directed toward establishing a matter in issue other than the defendant's propensity to commit the crime charged, (2) the evidence shows that the other act is similar enough and close enough in time to be relevant to the matter in issue, (3) the evidence is sufficient to support a jury finding that the defendant committed the similar act, and (4) the probative value of the evidence is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice.”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith. It may, however, be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of ... intent ... or absence of mistake or accident____”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Lewis v. Velez“[w]e accord a trial judge's assessment of relative probative value and unfair prejudice 'great deference because of his [or her] firsthand exposure to the evidence and * * * familiarity with the course of the trial proceeding.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.