Holbird v. Armstrong-Wright’s Empirical Analysis
949 F.2d 1019 · 1991
Citation profile
6 federal appellate · 2 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 15 later decisions — most recently March 2013
6 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1915 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Agency Holding Corp. v. Malley-Duff & Associates, Inc. · Ferri v. Ackerman · Smith v. Bacon · Harkins v. Eldredge
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 15 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The conduct of counsel, either retained or appointed, in representing clients, does not constitute action under color of state law for purposes of § 1983 violations.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“'defendants had directed themselves toward an unconstitutional action by virtue of a mutual understanding'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Cooper v. Delo
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.