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95 F. App'x 632

United States v. Ramirez-Hareo

U.S. Courts of Appeals

Decided April 20, 2004

U.S. Courts of Appeals · decided 2004-04-20

Cited by 2 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently October 2004

Applies 8 U.S.C. § 1326 (§ 276 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (McCarran-Walter))

Relies on Apprendi v. New Jersey · Almendarez-Torres v. United States · United States v. Dabeit

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 2004-04-20

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PER CURIAM: *

¶1 Jose Ramirez-Hareo appeals his conviction and sentence for being an alien unlawfully found in the United States after deportation after having been convicted of an aggravated felony in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a) & (b). For the first time on appeal, Ramirez-Hareo argues that 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b) is unconstitutional on its face and as applied in his case because it does not require the fact of a prior felony *633 or aggravated felony conviction to be charged in the indictment and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.

¶2 Ramirez-Hareo acknowledges that his arguments are foreclosed by Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 118 S.Ct. 1219, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998), but he wishes to preserve the issues for Supreme Court review in light of Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000). Apprendi did not overrule Almendarez-Torres. See Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 489-90; United States v. Dabeit, 231 F.3d 979, 984 (5th Cir.2000). Thus, we must follow Almendarez-Torres “unless and until the Supreme Court itself determines to overrule it.” Dabeit, 231 F.3d at 984 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

¶3 Accordingly, Ramirez-Hareo’s arguments are foreclosed, and his conviction and sentence are AFFIRMED.

*

¶4 Pursuant to 5th Cir. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5th Cir. R. 47.5.4.

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