Cummings v. Sullivan’s Empirical Analysis
950 F.2d 492 · 1991
Citation profile
12 federal appellate · 2 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 61 later decisions — most recently January 2014 · most notably Marcus v. Shalala (1994), Wilson v. Astrue (2010)
12 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Pierce v. Underwood · Commissioner, Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Jean · Melkonyan v. Sullivan · Sullivan v. Hudson · Los Angeles Unified School District v. Los Angeles NAACP
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 61 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'justified in substance or in the main'--that is, justified to a degree that could satisfy a reasonable person.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“find that the closeness of the question is, in itself, evidence of substantial justification.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Except as otherwise specifically provided by statute, a court shall award to a prevailing party other than the United States fees and other expenses, in addition to any costs awarded . . . incurred by that party in any civil action . . . including proceedings for judicial review of agency action, brought by or against the United States in any court having jurisdiction of that action, unless the court finds that the position of the United States was substantially justified or that special circumstances make an award unjust.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.