United States v. Hodge-Balwing’s Empirical Analysis
952 F.2d 607 · 1991
Citation profile
35 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 43 later decisions — most recently March 2024 · most notably Ross-Simons of Warwick, Inc. v. Baccarat, Inc. (1996), United States v. Houlihan (1996)
35 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 952 · 21 U.S.C. § 955
Relies on Brady v. State of Maryland · United States v. Young · United States v. Frady · Carnegie v. United States · Verderber v. Cantello Plumbing Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 43 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“We examine: (1) whether the prosecutor's conduct was isolated and/or deliberate; (2) whether the trial court gave a strong and explicit cautionary instruction; and (3) whether it is likely that any prejudice surviving the judge's instruction could have affected the outcome of the case.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[E]rror rises to this level only when it is so shocking that [it] seriously affect[ed] the fundamental fairness and basic integrity of the proceedings conducted below.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.