United States v. Kramer’s Empirical Analysis
955 F.2d 479 · 1992
Citation profile
74 federal appellate · 1 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 98 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2024 · most notably Fischer v. United States (1992), United States v. Lechuga (1993)
74 federal appellate · 1 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113 · 18 U.S.C. § 371 · 18 U.S.C. § 924 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 848 (§ 408 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Harmelin v. Michigan · Stirone v. United States · Huddleston v. United States · American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance v. United States · McMillan v. Pennsylvania
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 98 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“of drug offenses undertaken in concert with five or more other persons with respect to whom the defendant occupies a position of organizer, supervisor or manager. See 21 U.S.C. sec. 848. Conviction for CCE requires a unanimous finding that the defendant committed a”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he relevant inquiry . . . is whether the court's communications pressured the jury to surrender their honest opinions for the mere purpose of returning a verdict.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“broaden [ ] the possible bases for conviction from that which appeared in the indictment.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.