Goffer v. Marbury’s Empirical Analysis
956 F.2d 1045 · 1992
Citation profile
11 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 31 later decisions — most recently August 2011 · most notably McCabe v. Ce Sharrett (1994), Beckwith v. City of Daytona Beach Shores (1995)
11 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle · Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205 Will County Illinois · Connick v. Myers · Mullins Coal Co. v. Director · McWherter v. Brooks
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 31 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“First, a court must determine whether the employee’s speech may be fairly characterized as constituting speech on a matter of public concern. If so, the district court must weigh the employee’s first amendment interests against the interest of the state, as an employer, in promoting the efficiency of the public services it performs through its employees. Should the employee prevail on the balancing test, the fact-finder determines whether the employee’s speech played a substantial part in the government’s decision to demote or discharge the employee. Finally, if the employee shows that the speech was a substantial motivating factor in the employment decision, the state must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that it would have reached the same decision ... even in the absence of the protected conduct.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Gibson v. Bray“[w]hen close working relationships are essential to fulfilling public responsibilities,”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“refusal to hire, demotion, reprimand, refusal to promote”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.