James v. Milwaukee County’s Empirical Analysis
956 F.2d 696 · 1992
Citation profile
38 federal appellate · 2 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 62 later decisions — most recently August 2015 · most notably Murphy v. Walker (1995), Del Raine v. Williford (1994)
38 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Bell v. Wolfish · Gregg v. Georgia · City of Oklahoma City v. Tuttle · Wilson v. Seiter
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 62 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“deliberate act intended to chastise or deter ... negligence or even gross negligence is not enough; rather, a plaintiff must show actual intent or deliberate indifference on the part of the state actors”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“actual knowledge of impending harm easily preventable, so that a conscious, culpable refusal to prevent the harm can be inferred from the defendant's failure to prevent it.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.