United States v. Bates’s Empirical Analysis
96 F.3d 964 · 1996
Citation profile
13 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 19 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2025
13 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 18 U.S.C. § 641 (Livestock Fraud Protection Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 656 · 18 U.S.C. § 665 · 20 U.S.C. § 1097 · 21 U.S.C. § 843 (§ 403 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Morissette v. United States · Carstea v. Poplar Tree Homeowners Ass'n · United States v. Monton · United States v. Pomponio · Wade v. Shook
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 19 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“knowingly and willfully misapply[ing]'' federally insured student loan funds between January 15, 1990, and June 15, 1990, in violation of 20 U.S.C. §1097(a) (1988 ed.) and 18 U.S.C. §2. On February 7, 1995, Bates filed a motion to dismiss the indictment. He argued, and the District Court agreed, that conviction under §1097(a) for willful misapplication required an allegation of the defendant's”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Generally, an indictment is sufficient when it sets forth the offense in the words of the statute itself, as long as those words expressly set forth all the elements necessary to constitute the offense intended to be punished.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he indictment ... shall be a plain, concise and definite written statement of the essential facts constituting the offense charged.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.