Neis v. Ebbe

¶1It is the contention of plaintiff that George Rilea having made a homestead entry for the land in question and on November 4, 1901, made final proof therefor and received a final certificate, and Rilea having on July 22, 1902, executed a deed of conveyance of the land to plaintiff Kola Neis, which was filed for record on July 25, 1902, in Lincoln County, Oregon, and also that no protest or contest was filed against the homestead entry within the period of two years after the date of the final receipt; that the officers of the General Land Office and Department of the Interior of the United States had no jurisdiction to cancel the homestead entry of Rilea, but should have issued a patent for the land to him; and therefore title to the land passed to plaintiff by virtue of the Rilea deed.

¶2It appears that the land is a part of the former Siletz Indian Reservation and that on March 25, 1903, all of the entries therein were suspended by the order of the Commissioner of the General Land Office upon the direction of the Secretary of the Interior that such entries be investigated, upon information of fraud in connection therewith. After such investigation was made and a hearing was had the entry of Rilea was canceled. A report of the special1 agent was made August 19, 1903, and received by the General Land Office August 25, 1903, which was unfavorable to all of the entries for this class of land. On November 4, 1904, Special Agent Hobbs telegraphed the General Land Office requesting no patents to be issued for any such land. Formal written report of the fraudulent - character *156of the Rilea claim and twenty-two others was made November 9, 1903.

¶3It therefore seems that before the two years had elapsed after Rilea’s final receipt had been issued, the Department, pursuant to information filed and on account of objection raised by the officers under a declaration of doubt and. suspicion as to the validity of the claim, was actively engaged in the investigation of the facts concerning the good faith and validity of the claim of Rilea.

¶4It should be borne in mind that on July 10, 1909, the plaintiff and his wife executed a quitclaim deed to the United States, covering the land in question, which was duly recorded and filed in the local land office. Also on April 10, 1907, George Rilea in writing relinquished his right to the land, and the relinquishment was filed in the local land office.

¶5The United States statute provides as follows:

“That when a pre-emption, homestead, or timber culture claimant shall file a written relinquishment of his claim in the local land office, the land covered by such claim shall be held as open to settlement and entry without further action on the part of the Commissioner of the General Land Office”: 6 Fed. Stats. Ann., § 1, p. 300.

¶6In the case of Lane v. Hoglund, 244 U. S. 174 (6L. Ed. 1066, 37 Sup. Ct. Rep. 558), it is said:

“The statute makes it very plain that if at the expiration of two years from the date of the Receiver’s final receipt there is ‘no pending contest or protest’ against the entry its validity no' longer may be called in question — in the words of the act, ‘The entryman shall be entitled to a patent, * # and the same shall be issued to him.’ ”

¶7Can it be said that at the end of. the two-year period after the date of the Receiver’s final receipt issued to Rilea there was no protest pending against *157Ms entry? The very life or validity of the claim of Eilea had been challenged by a report filed which was adverse to the same, and it was doubted and under investigation by the General Land Office by the order of the Department of the Interior.

¶8The seventh section of the act of Congress of March 3,. 1891, Chapter 561 (26 Stat. at L. 1095, 1099, Comp. Stats. 1916,. §§ 5113, 5116), has the following provision:

“That after the lapse of two years from the date of the issuance of the receiver’s receipt upon the final entry of any tract of land under the homestead, timber culture, desert land, or pre-emption laws, or under this act, and when there shall be no pending contest or protest against the validity of such entry, the entryman shall be entitled to a patent conveying the land by Mm entered, and the same shall be issued to him.”

¶9It will be noted that the act provides for no particular form of a protest to be made. In Lane v. Hoglund, 244 U. S. 174 (61 L. Ed. 1066, 37 Sup. Ct. Rep. 558), the Supreme Court of the United States, speaMng by Mr. Justice Yak Devantek, referring to this act, discussed the question:

“What, then, is the ‘pending contest or protest’ which is to exclude a subsisting entry from this statute of limitation and repose? Is it some proceeding which is begun, ordered, or set in motion in the interest of another claimant or of the public to test or determine the validity of the entry? Or may it be a mere report, letter, or other communication, confidential or otherwise, which has not been and may never be acted upon, which may be neither known nor accessible to the entryman, or which may be so general, vague, or inteniperate in its statements as not in itself to merit attention? … In short, the reference is to a proceeding against the entry and not to some communications which at most *158is only suggestive of the propriety of such a proceeding and may never become the basis of one.”

¶10The opinion appears to approve the instructions of May 8, 1891, 12 Land Dee. 450, “wherein each term [contest or protest] is spoken of as meaning a ‘proceeding’ under the Rules of Practice to cancel and defeat an entry. … ” The same view is expressed in the supplemental instructions of July 1, 1891, 13 Land Dec. 1.

¶11In Lane v. Hoglund, within two years after the date of the final certificate, a deputy forest supervisor reported to the General Land Office, recommending the cancellation of the entry, “on account of nonresidence and lack of cultivation.” No action upon this report was taken until after the expiration of the two-year period. Almost three years after the date of the Receiver’s receipt the Commissioner of the General Land Office .ordered a proceeding in the local land office to determine the question of residence upon the land.

¶121. In. the present case the Secretary of the Interior had received information as to the fraudulent character of the entry of Rilea and others, and ordered the Commissioner of the General Land Office to investigate the entry. That official had by order suspended the Rilea entry, and the machinery of the government had been put in motion for an investigation of the entry upon information of fraud in connection therewith. A proceeding against the entry was pending. All of this was prior to the expiration of the two years. We think there is a marked distinction as to the facts between the case at bar and the case of Lane v. Hoglundrelied upon by plaintiff.

¶13*159In the case of Menasha Wooden Ware Co., Assignee, v. William Gribble, published in 37 Land Dec. 329, the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia considered the question of “protest” under the act. In that case the Commissioner of the General Land Office had ordered an investigation of the claim of Gribble among others and instructed a special agent to carry it on. No specific charges were made. The investigation was ordered for the reason that in several claims the same witnesses had been used, which caused suspicion of fraud. The court used the following language:

“The question then is whether this constituted a contest or a protest. It was not a contest in the sense that a special charge had been made, much less that notice thereof had been given to the claimant, so that it might be met by him. Neither was it a protest in the sense that a specific ground had been pointed out for the basis of the protest and the claimant informed thereof. But are either of these necessary? There was a solemn declaration by the department that the circumstances surrounding the claim were such as to beget suspicion and to call for a thorough investigation and that in the meantime the patent ought not to be granted. …

“As defined by Webster, a protest is ‘a solemn declaration of opinion, commonly a formal declaration against some act.’ Is not that exactly what this is? It was the first step in a proceeding calculated to test the validity of the claimant’s right to a patent. That step having been taken within the two years, the statute of confirmation did not operate upon this claim.”

¶14Section 7 of the act of March 3, 1891, does not indicate that it was enacted for the purpose of curtailing or changing the manner or form of conducting the proceedings in the General Land Office, or before the Department of the Interior, in the ease *160of a contest or protest against the validity of any entry; but rather for the purpose of prompting action to be taken within the time prescribed. Where the specific facts constituting the fraud are stated, which, if true, would defeat the entry, and the Commissioner of the General Land Office has ordered the entry suspended and investigated, it would seem that such protest would be sufficient within the meaning of the statute to “prevent the running of the same, although such protest does not contain all of the data necessary for a hearing. The case comes within the rule suggested by the United States Supreme Court in the Hoglund case. It was a proceeding “ordered or set in motion in the interest of … the public.” See, also, Acting Secretary Ryan’s instruction of June 3, 1904, in which it is said:

“To be either a contest or a protest there must be a charge of specific facts which, if true, would defeat the entry and upon which the entryman or party affecied may take issue and demand a hearing. In cases investigated by special agents of your office, where the agent has reported sufficient facts to justify cancellation of the entry, such report is a proceeding that prevents confirmation of an entry under the act”: 33 Land Dec. Dept. Int. 10.

¶15The trial court held that the entry of Rilea and the interest of plaintiff Neis in the land had ceased to exist, on account of the relinquishment of Rilea and the deed from plaintiff, Neis, and wife to the government.

¶162. The entry of Rilea was suspended within the period prescribed by the statute of repose above quoted, and proceedings were then instituted and being carried on. They were concluded after some delay, caused by the records being used in the federal court in the matter of the- indictment and prose*161cution of one W. N. Jones. After a thorough investigation and regular hearing the entry was canceled of record. All of these things, plus the fact that Eilea had relinquished all his interest in the land which merely shaped the Land Office records, and also plus the fact that Neis had quitclaimed and relinquished to the government of the United States all the interest in the land conveyed to him by Eilea, gave the Land Department of the United States authority to consider the land vacant and allow the homestead entry of Florence M. Oreitz (now Ebbe).

¶17It is the contention of the plaintiff, as we understand it, that Eilea attempted to make his relinquishment in the interest of one Gooch, who applied to make homestead entry for the land; that the deed of plaintiff to the government was executed in order that Dye Wade might file upon the land; and that as the Land Office officials did not accept the relinquishment or the deed for the purpose intended, and allow either the application of Gooch or Wade, there was no acceptance .thereof.

¶183. If there was any error on the part of the Land Office officials in denying the application of Gooch or refusing the application of Dye Wade to make a homestead entry for the land, they were the persons to take exception to such ruling; and the fact that their applications were denied would not reinvest plaintiff, Neis, with any interest in the land or reconvey any interest to him or cancel or annul the deed of conveyance which he executed to the government. It should be remembered that the legal title to the land remained in the government of the United States until patent therefor was issued to Oreitz; therefore, it was not necessary for the deed from Neis to the United States to convey any legal title or to be of any more force than to relinquish *162his claim. It seems that everything necessary for an acceptance of the Neis deed or relinquishment was done that could be accomplished by the United States Land Office officials, and that such acts were within the scope of their authority.

¶194. Neis by virtue of the quitclaim deed from Eilea obtained no better right to the land than Eilea theretofore had. If Eilea, prior to the execution of the deed to Neis, could relinquish his claim to the land, which he undoubtedly could, then Neis thereafter could perform a like act. Such transactions are of common occurrence in the United States Land Office, and we think the same are authorized by the United States statute above referred to.

¶20Plaintiff cites and relies upon the case of Gildner v. Hall (D. C.), 227 Fed. 704. In that case the Land Department exercised jurisdiction in a contest initiated by a private person against an entry more than six years after the date of the Eeceiver’s final receipt. There was no relinquishment of the entry by the claimant as in the case at bar.

¶21Our attention has not been directed to any case where such an entryman has received the benefit of a patent to land issued by the government of the United States after the entryman or his grantee had filed a relinquishment of his interest in the land in the local land office, as was done in the present case. We think no such case can be found.

¶22It is unnecessary to pass upon the question of the efficacy of the contest instituted by the government officials against the entry of Eilea taken as standing alone.

¶23The decree of the lower court is affirmed.

¶24Affirmed.