United States v. Canada’s Empirical Analysis
960 F.2d 263 · 1992
Citation profile
100 federal appellate · 5 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 145 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably United States v. Adipietro (1993), United States v. Willis (1993)
100 federal appellate · 5 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1341 (White-Collar Crime Penalty Enhancement Act of 2002) · 18 U.S.C. § 1343 · 18 U.S.C. § 152 · 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 18 U.S.C. § 2314 · 18 U.S.C. § 371 · 18 U.S.C. § 871 (Presidential Threat Protection Act of 2000)
Relies on Santobello v. New York · Burns v. United States · United States v. Benchimol · Correale v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 145 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'A plea agreement is not an appropriate context for the Government to resort to a rigidly literal approach in the construction of language.' ") (quoting United States v. Bowler, 585 F.2d 851 , 854 (7th Cir.1978)); Canada, 960 F.2d at 269 ("While it can be argued that the government stopped short of explicitly repudiating the agreement, Santobello prohibits not only explicit repudiation of the government's assurances, but must in the interests of fairness be read to forbid end-runs around them.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“While a prosecutor normally need not present promised recommendations to the court with any particular degree of enthusiasm, it is improper for the prosecutor to inject material reservations about the agreement to which the government has committed itself.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“reasonably consistent with making such a recommendation, rather than the reverse.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.