United States v. Turner’s Empirical Analysis
960 F.2d 461 · 1992
Citation profile
21 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 28 later decisions — most recently October 2020 · most notably United States v. Tomblin (1995), United States v. Whitfield (2009)
21 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 876
Relies on Nogueras v. Puerto Rico International Airlines, Inc. · Lehman Bros. v. Lilly · Johnson v. United States · Cabrera-Martinez v. United States · Hutton v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 28 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A "threat" is a serious statement expressing an intention to inflict bodily injury or death upon someone, which under the circumstances would cause apprehension in a reasonable person, as distinguished from political argument, idle or careless talk, exaggeration or something said in a joking manner. It is not necessary to prove that the defendant actually intended or was able to carry out the threat made.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“1) is substantively correct; 2) was not substantively covered in the charge actually delivered to the jury; and 3) concerns an important point in the trial so that the failure to give it seriously impaired the defendant's ability to effectively present a defense.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“affording the trial judge substantial latitude in tailoring [the] instructions.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.