Seattle Community Council Federation v. Federal Aviation Administration’s Empirical Analysis
961 F.2d 829 · 1992
Citation profile
20 federal appellate · 2 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 37 later decisions — most recently December 2016 · most notably Greenpeace Action v. Franklin, Ocean Advocates v. United States Army Corps of Engineers (2004)
20 federal appellate · 2 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 4332 (§ 102 of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969)
Relies on Camp v. Pitts · Kleppe v. Sierra Club · Pelaes v. United States · Lawrence v. United States · Strycker's Bay Neighborhood Council, Inc. v. Karlen
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 37 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Effects include: (a) Direct effects, which are caused by the action and occur at the same time and place. (b) Indirect effects, which are caused by the action and are later in time or farther removed in distance, but are still reasonably foreseeable. Indirect effects may include growth inducing effects and other effects related to induced changes in the pattern of land use, population density or growth rate, and related effects on air and water and other natural systems, including ecosystems. Effects and impacts as used in these regulations are synonymous. Effects includes ecological (such as the effects on natural resources and on the components, structures, and functioning of affected ecosystems), aesthetic, historic, cultural, economic, social, or health, whether direct, indi rect, or cumulative. Effects may also include those resulting from actions which may have both beneficial and detrimental effects, even if on balance the agency believes that the effect will be beneficial.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Neither the CEQ regulations nor the FAA’s own regulations require single-event testing in addition to or in lieu of cumulative testing. In fact, the FAA’s regulations appear to require the use of cumulative data. “The exposure of individuals to noise resulting from the operation of an airport must be established in terms of yearly day-night average sound level....” 14 C.F.R. § 150.9 (b) (1991) (emphasis added).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“the impact on the environment which results from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency (Federal or non-Federal) or person undertakes such other actions. Cumulative impacts can result from individually minor but collectively significant actions taking place over a period of time.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.