Heldman Th v. Sobol’s Empirical Analysis
1992
Citation profile
9 federal appellate · 20 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 123 later decisions — most recently December 2023 · most notably Walczak v. Florida Union Free School District (1998), Taylor v. Vermont Department of Education (2002)
9 federal appellate · 20 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Warth v. Seldin · Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Inc. · Allen v. Wright · City of Los Angeles v. Lyons · Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 123 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[r]ather than detailing the precise substantive rights applicable to all affected children, Congress opted for individually tailored programs — programs crafted by parents and educators working together to determine what is appropriate for each child. Congress recognized that such an unconventional approach would require extensive procedural safeguards to protect the educational rights of children with disabling conditions. Thus the scope of these procedural protections — which this case requires us to examine — must be determined in light of their role in ensuring the appropriate application of the Act.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage“prevents courts from undermining the administrative process and permits an agency to bring its expertise to bear on a problem as well as to correct its own mistakes.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage“in New York state, the IEP is produced by a Committee on Special Education ("CSE"), whose members are appointed by the board of education or trustees of the school district. N.Y.Educ.Law § 4402(1)(b)(1). New York provides for a two tiered system for the review of IEPs. A hearing officer, appointed by the board of education from a list of state-certified officers, conducts the initial hearing and makes a recommendation to the board. N.Y.Educ.Law § 4404(1); 8 N.Y.C.R.R. § 200.5(c)(1). Parties may appeal to [a state review officer] for review of the initial hearing. N.Y.Educ.Law § 4404(2); 8 N.Y.C.R.R. § 276.10.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.