Lufkins v. Leapley’s Empirical Analysis
965 F.2d 1477 · 1992
Citation profile
50 federal appellate · 4 district · 9 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 83 later decisions — most recently January 2026 · most notably United States v. Rose (1997), United States v. Gonzalez-Flores (2005)
50 federal appellate · 4 district · 9 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · Wong Sun v. United States · Bruton v. United States · Delaware v. Van Arsdall · Arizona v. Fulminante
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 83 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“to determine whether the [error] was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt, we must examine the other evidence introduced at trial and determine whether it appears 'beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of did not contribute to the verdict obtained.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Although our usual practice in cases like these is to reverse and remand for a new determination under the correct standard, we have the authority to make our own assessment of the harmlessness of a constitutional error in the first instance.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“We agree [with the Supreme Court] that a detailed, uncoerced admission by a defendant will tell a jury more about a particular crime than any other evidence, and that a jury will give this evidence extraordinary weight.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. Rice v. Wood Rice
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.