Fields v. Clark University’s Empirical Analysis
966 F.2d 49 · 1992
Citation profile
11 federal appellate · 8 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 26 later decisions — most recently August 2023 · most notably Bickerstaff v. Vassar College (1999), Blackie v. Maine (1996)
11 federal appellate · 8 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine · Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins · United States Postal Service Board of Governors v. Aikens · Furnco Construction Corp. v. Waters
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 26 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) she is a member of a protected class; (2) 'she was a candidate for tenure and was qualified under [Tufts's] standards, practices or customs'; (3) 'despite her qualifications she was rejected'; and (4) 'tenure positions . . . were open at the time [she] was denied tenure, in the sense that others were granted tenure in the department during a period relatively near to the time [Ing] was denied tenure.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“The plaintiff must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that she applied for an available position for which she was qualified, but was rejected under circumstances which give rise to an inference of unlawful discrimination. If the trier of fact believes the plaintiffs evidence and if the employer is silent in the face of the presumption, the court must enter judgment for the plaintiff because no issue of fact remains in the case. The burden that shifts to the defendant, therefore, is to rebut the presumption of discrimination by producing evidence that the plaintiff was rejected or someone was preferred, for a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage“(1) that he is a member of a protected class under Title VII; (2) that he was a candidate for tenure and was qualified under the standards, practices or customs of Providence College; (3) that despite his qualifications he was rejected; and (4) that the tenure position in the Department of Economics was open at the time plaintiff was denied tenure, in that someone else was granted tenure in the department during a period relatively near the time this plaintiff was denied tenure.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.