Lucas v. Townsend’s Empirical Analysis
967 F.2d 549 · 1992
Citation profile
17 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 25 later decisions — most recently April 2018 · most notably Burton v. City of Belle Glade (1999), Meek v. Metropolitan Dade County (1993)
17 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Anderson v. City of Bessemer City · Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. · Washington v. Davis · Personnel Administrator of Mass. v. Feeney · Thornburg v. Gingles
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 25 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) whether Dallas County election officials’ failure to ensure that voters were placed in the proper election districts and their resulting incorrect counting of the out-of-district ballots of over 50 white voters constitutes a ‘standard, practice, or procedure’ subject to challenge under Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act, [and] (2) whether, under the totality of circumstances, defendants’ conduct in counting the out-of-district ballots of over 50 white voters and allowing these votes to determine the outcome of the election violates Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“drawing valid inferences and conclusions about voter behavior from statistics requires the selection of relevant elections for analysis”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“due to its 'special vantage point' and ability to conduct an 'intensely local appraisal of the design and impact of' a voting system.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.