United States v. Negron’s Empirical Analysis
967 F.2d 68 · 1992
Citation profile
30 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 43 later decisions — most recently January 2023 · most notably United States v. Stevens (1993), United States v. Hendrickson (1994)
30 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Pinkerton v. United States · Chitwood v. McLemore · Wellman v. Wellman · United States v. Campuzano · United States v. Jacobo
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 43 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““In the case of criminal activity undertaken in concert with others, whether or not charged as a conspiracy, the conduct for which the defendant Vould be otherwise accountable’ also includes conduct of others in furtherance of the execution of the jointly-undertaken criminal activity that was reasonably foreseeable by the defendant. ... Where it is established that the conduct was neither within the scope of the defendant’s agreement, nor was reasonably foreseeable in connection with the criminal activity the defendant agreed to jointly undertake, such conduct is not included in establishing the defendant’s offense level....””
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“had actual knowledge of the exact quantity of narcotics involved in the conspiracy; it is sufficient if he could reasonably have foreseen the quantity involved.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. United States v. Hok Kwai Chau, A/K/A "Peter Chan," · United States v. Alejandro Martinez, Also Known as Alejandro Martinez-Garcia Jose De Jesus Zapata-Herrera, Also Known as El Chino, Also Known as Jose Mario Perez Johnny Aybar Jose Miguel Rodriguez Michael R. Williams Margarita Hernandez Francisco Bolivar and Holguer Miguel Garay, Also Known as Luis Alica Reina, Nelson Aybar and Felix Hernandez“evaluate the reason for the attempt to withdraw the plea and assess the acceptance-of-responsibility question in that light.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.