Hobbs v. Hawkins’s Empirical Analysis
968 F.2d 471 · 1992
Citation profile
30 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 62 later decisions — most recently April 2020 · most notably Robinson V. TCI/US West Cable Communications Inc. (1997), D.R. Horton, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board (2013)
30 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 157 (§ 7 of the National Labor Relations Act) · 29 U.S.C. § 158 (§ 8 of the National Labor Relations Act) · 29 U.S.C. § 159 (§ 9 of the National Labor Relations Act) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Ex Parte: Edward T Young · Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman · Will v. Michigan Department of State Police · San Diego Building Trades Council v. Garmon · Perry Education Ass'n v. Perry Local Educators' Ass'n
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 62 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Control over access to a nonpublic forum can be based on subject matter and speaker identity so long as the distinctions drawn are reasonable in light of the purpose served by the forum and are viewpoint neutral.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“viewpoint discrimination violates the First Amendment regardless of the forum's classification”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'may be created by government designation of a place or channel of communication [not traditionally open to assembly and debate] for use by the public at large for assembly and speech, for use by certain speakers, or for the discussion of certain subjects.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.