97 Cal. App. 4th 1448 - People v. Duran’s Empirical Analysis
2002
Citation profile
48
cited by 48 later decisions
1
states following
March 2017
most recently cited
48 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on 14 Cal. 4th 605 - People v. Gardeley · 18 Cal. 4th 297 - People v. Bolin · 4 Cal. 4th 1233 - People v. Cummings · People v. Holt · 27 Cal. 4th 469 - People v. Hillhouse
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 48 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“To establish that a group is a criminal street gang within the meaning of the statute, the People must prove: (1) the group is an ongoing association of three or more persons sharing a common name, identifying sign, or symbol; (2) one of the group's primary activities is the commission of one or more statutorily enumerated criminal offenses; and (3) the group's members must engage in, or have engaged in, a pattern of criminal gang activity. [Citations.]”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“A 'pattern of criminal gang activity' is defined as gang members' individual or collective 'commission of, attempted commission of, conspiracy to commit, or solicitation of, sustained juvenile petition for, or conviction of two or more' enumerated 'predicate offenses' during a statutorily defined time period. [Citations.] The predicate offenses must have been committed on separate occasions, or by two or more persons. [Citations.]”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with any criminal street gang”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.