United States v. Utter’s Empirical Analysis
97 F.3d 509 · 1996
Citation profile
23 federal appellate · 2 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 48 later decisions — most recently May 2019 · most notably United States of America v. George Varoudakis (2000), United States v. Hands (1999)
23 federal appellate · 2 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1341 (White-Collar Crime Penalty Enhancement Act of 2002) · 18 U.S.C. § 371 · 18 U.S.C. § 844
Relies on United States v. Lopez · Atlantic Richfield Co. v. Newman Oil Co. · Kuntz v. City of Dayton · Katzenbach v. McClung · Mitan v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 48 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Evidence is intrinsic 'if it is (1) an uncharged offense which arose out of the same transaction or series of transactions as the charged offense, (2) necessary to complete the story of the crime, or (3) inextricably intertwined with the evidence regarding the charged offense.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“[t]he 'major function' of Rule 403 is to 'exclude matter[s] of scant or cumulative probative force, dragged in by the heels for the sake of its prejudicial effect.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“In judging the sufficiency of the evidence, the standard applied is the same whether the evidence is direct or circumstantial.”). . Second, the”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.