Gardner v. Lefkowitz’s Empirical Analysis
1978
Citation profile
6
cited by 6 later decisions
August 2006
most recently cited
2 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 6 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“any form of instrument used for the purpose of financing and promoting enterprises, and which is designed for investment, is a security”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.