Lw v. Grubbs’s Empirical Analysis
Citation profile
23 federal appellate · 24 district · 20 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 130 later decisions — most recently August 2023 · most notably 27 Cal. 4th 1112 - Zelig v. County of Los Angeles (2002), Kaucher
23 federal appellate · 24 district · 20 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Estelle v. Gamble · Joshua Deshaney, a Minor, by His Guardian Ad Litem, and Melody Deshaney,s v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services, et al. · Collins v. City of Harker Heights · Youngberg v. Romeo Ex Rel. Romeo · Davidson v. Cannon
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 130 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) the 'special relationship' exception; and (2) the 'danger creation' exception.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage“affirmative conduct on the part of the state in placing the plaintiff in danger.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage“While the State may have been aware of the dangers that Joshua faced in the free world, it played no part in their creation, nor did it do anything to render him any more vulnerable to them. That the State once took temporary custody of Joshua does not alter the analysis, for when it returned him to his father’s custody, it placed him in no worse position than that in which he would have been had it not acted at-all....”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.