Butler v. Dowd’s Empirical Analysis
979 F.2d 661 · 1992
Citation profile
28 federal appellate · 6 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 56 later decisions — most recently August 2018 · most notably Powers v. Hamilton County Public Defender Commission (2007), Slicker v. Jackson (2000)
28 federal appellate · 6 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Hensley v. Eckerhart · Carey v. Piphus · Wilson v. Seiter · Whitley v. Albers
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 56 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Conduct is the cause in fact of a particular result if the result would not have occurred but for the conduct. Similarly, if the result would have occurred without the conduct complained of, such conduct cannot be a cause in fact of that particular result.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“plaintiffs failed to produce at trial objective medical evidence supporting their physical injuries or detailing the extent of their emotional injuries,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“We first note that an extensive review of the record demonstrates that none of the plaintiffs provided medical testimony regarding the extent of their physical injuries. Similarly, medical proof of the plaintiffs' emotional distress was limited to -the introduction of one-page medical services statements in which a prison psychologist (not a medical doctor) state merely that two of the plaintiffs ... suffered from "post traumatic stress disorder,” and that he had prescribed sleeping pills for them. This psychologist did not testify. Plaintiffs provided no testimony explaining what “post traumatic stress disorder” is or what its effects are.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.